http://triscience.com An antibody (or also known as an immunoglobulin) is typically a large protein shaped like a Y and is produced by the immune system to recognize and neutralize foreign objects that might do harm on the body (for example, a bacteria or a virus). The antibody can identify the unique part of the foreign matter—an antigen—and lock on the antigen using its Y tips. Each tip of the antibody has a paratrope (a lock-like structure) that corresponds to the epitope (a key-like structure) on the antigen, and when these two structures meet, they will be bonded together. Through this binding mechanism, the antibody tags an infected cell or a microbe for attack by the other components of the immune system. The antibody can also neutralize its target antigen directly—it can block a specific part of the microbe that is important for both its invasion and survival. The humoral immune system is directly responsible for the production of antibodies. Antibodies are produced by plasma cells, which are a type of white blood cells. There are two physical forms of antibodies: the soluble form secreted by the cell, and a membrane bound form attached to the surface of a B-Cell. This second form is also known as the B-Cell Receptor or BCR. The BCR exclusively occurs on the surface of B-Cells and is known to facilitate the activation of the cells it is bound to. They also activate the subsequent differentiation into plasma cells or memory B-Cells that will survive the immunity process and will “recall” the same antigen. This process is called “immunological memory,” with which the immune system remembers a specific antigen and will respond to it more efficiently in future encounters. This category contains scientific information on antibodies, which are blood proteins produced by the body in response to a specific disease antigen. daily 1 2012-06-18T07:39:14Z http://triscience.com/Disease/Antibodies/the-chengjiang-fauna-china-oldest-soft-bodied-fauna-on-earth The recently discovered Chengjiang fossil fauna from the Lower Cambrian near Kunming in south China is paralleled only by the Middle Cambrian Burgess Shale fauna in British Columbia in its excellent s... No publisher admin 90 2013-05-21T01:54:22Z Doculite http://triscience.com/Disease/Antibodies/the-calibration-of-sulfur-35-or-phosphorus-32-with-carbon-14-labeled-brain-paste-or-carbon-14-plastic-standards-for-quantitative-autoradiography-using-lkb-ultrofilm-or-amersham-hyperfilm The relationship between 14c-labeled brain paste or plastic standards and 35s- or 32p-labeled brain paste was characterized with quantitative autoradiography. Film was exposed to both sets of 14c-labe... No publisher admin 90 autoradiographic autoradiography brain densitometry hyperfilm labeled radioactivity radioisotypes solubilizer spectroscopy standards tissue ultrofilm 2013-05-21T01:54:01Z Doculite http://triscience.com/Disease/Antibodies/the-biological-and-clinical-significance-of-nicks-in-human-chorionic-gonadotropin-and-its-free-beta-subunit Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is a glycoprotein hormone composed of two dissimilar subunits,.alpha. and.beta. Nicks or missing peptide linkages have been found in the.beta.44-52 region of the.bet... No publisher admin antibodies binding chorionic disease elastase glycoprotein gonadotropin hormone human immunoassays immunological leucocyte leucocytic molecules myometrial peptide protease receptor standards steroidogenic 2013-05-21T01:53:48Z Doculite http://triscience.com/Disease/Antibodies/the-beneficial-and-adverse-effects-of-hypnotics Findings from a four-city study of the beneficial and adverse effects of hypnotics are reported. The study employed a new volunteer call-in method for monitoring drug effects outside of the clinical s... No publisher admin 90 clinical drug flurazepam hypnotics medication medications produce temazepam triazolam 2013-05-21T01:53:42Z Doculite http://triscience.com/Disease/Antibodies/the-articulatory-kinematics-of-final-lengthening In order to understand better the phonetic control of final lengthening, the articulation of phrase-final syllables was compared with that of two other contexts known to increase syllable duration: ac... No publisher admin 90 intergestural intragestural kinematics syllable syllables unaccented 2013-05-21T01:53:25Z Doculite http://triscience.com/Disease/Antibodies/the-alpha-1-adrenergic-agonist-methoxamine-and-the-loop-diuretic-frusemide-reduce-nasal-potential-difference "Pretreatment by inhalation with the.alpha.1-adrenergic agonist methoxamine and the ""loop"" diuretic frusemide reduces the bronchial response to certain airway challenges in asthma. To test whether t... No publisher admin 90 adrenergic agonist amiloride concentration diuretic drug drugs epithelial frusemide methoxamine molcntdot salbutamol treatment water 2013-05-21T01:53:00Z Doculite http://triscience.com/Disease/Antibodies/the-age-structure-and-growth-dynamics-of-young-of-the-year-bass-dicentrarchus-labrax-populations Back-calculated egg fertilization (spawned) dates and growth rates for young-of-the-year bass, Dicentrarchus labrax (L), captured from Loughor Estuary, Oxwich Bay and Ogmore Estuary, south Wales, Uk, ... No publisher admin 90 dicentrarchus environments fertilization food growth habitats intra labrax loughor nursery ogmore oxwich populations realtive spawnings temperatures wales water 2013-05-21T01:52:57Z Doculite http://triscience.com/Disease/Antibodies/the-acceptability-of-behavioral-and-emotional-feedback-depending-upon-valence-and-structure-in-personal-growth-groups Forty-eight students particpated in a one-time personal growth group. Subjects were assigned to one of eight groups. Exercises were conducted to promote interpersonal contact, followed by feedback ses... No publisher admin 90 behavioral growth particpated research 2013-05-21T01:52:41Z Doculite http://triscience.com/Disease/Antibodies/tethyan-boreal-correlations-and-the-jurassic-cretaceous-boundary The author (1987) was able to determine three-realmally correlatable horizons, which are revalent with respect to the stratigraphic position of the Jurassic-Cretaceous boundary (see Fig. 2): The rock ... No publisher admin 90 ammonite argentiniceras beriasella berriasella berriasian berriasina boreal buchia chetae chetaites chronostratigraphically coquand correlatable craspedites dorbigny durangites elderensis epivirgatites eustatic fischeriana 2013-05-21T01:52:25Z Doculite http://triscience.com/Disease/Antibodies/testing-optimal-foraging-theory-on-the-radial-maze-the-role-of-learning-in-patch-sampling A four-arm radial maze containing 10 feeders in each arm (patch) was used to study patch sampling in rats. In each of three experiments, rats foraged for 30 sessions. On each session, two randomly cho... No publisher admin 90 food foraged foraging radial rats 2013-05-21T01:52:19Z Doculite http://triscience.com/Disease/Antibodies/testing-for-neutral-to-ground-connections-in-new-construction A study was performed to seek out inadvertent connections between neutral and ground in the power distribution system of a newly constructed hospital, prior to occupancy. Such connections are not only... No publisher admin 90 misconnections 2013-05-21T01:52:19Z Doculite http://triscience.com/Disease/Antibodies/terpenoids-from-crepis-tectorum-molecular-and-crystalline-structure-of-the-sesquiterpene-lactone-8-epideacylcynaropicrin Sesquiterpene lactones: isolipidiol and 8-epideacylcynaropicrin, were isolated from the aboveground part of C. tectorum during flowering. The structure of 1r,3s-hydroxy-5r,6r,7r,8r-hydroxy-cis,1trans-... No publisher admin 90 aboveground epideacylcynaropicrin flowering guai hydroxy isolipidiol lactones olide sesquiterpene tectorum trien 2013-05-21T01:52:13Z Doculite http://triscience.com/Disease/Antibodies/techniques-of-ureteric-reimplantation-in-kidney-transplantation-and-its-related-urological-complications Two common techniques of ureteric reimplantation for kidney transplantation, the Politano-Leadbetter and the extravesical ureteroneocystostomy are described in detail. Correct techniques of donor uret... No publisher admin 90 diagnosis extravesical fistulae harvesting leadbetter politano reimplantation stent transplantation treatment ureter ureteric ureteroneocystostomy urinary urological 2013-05-21T01:51:32Z Doculite http://triscience.com/Disease/Antibodies/systemic-scleroderma-coexistent-with-discoid-lupus-erythematosus A 46-year-old woman with chilblain like erythema on her cheeks, nose, ears, hands and feet for 2 years was diagnosed as having discoid lupus erythematosus (Dle) with weakly positive serum antinuclear ... No publisher admin anti antibodies antinuclear diagnosis dieases discoid disease erythema erythematosus histopathlogy lupus raynauds scleroderma serum 2013-05-21T01:50:37Z Doculite http://triscience.com/Disease/Antibodies/synthetic-peptides-for-plasmodium-vivax-malaria-sero-epidemiology-application-of-fmoc-polyamide-and-displacement-chromatography The immunodominant epitope of Plasmodium vivax, one of the major causative agents of malaria in man, consists of the tandem repetitions of a non apeptide sequence, AspArgAlaAsp/AlaGlyGlnProAlaGly, wit... No publisher admin 90 apeptide aspargalaaspalaglyglnp chromatography ddaad deblocking elisa epidemiology epidermiology epitope ethanedithiol fmoc immunodominant malaria nonapeptide peptide peptides plasmodium polyamide polymer produce 2013-05-21T01:50:24Z Doculite