http://triscience.com A receptor is a molecule found on the surface of the cell. This receptor’s main task is to receive chemical signals from the external environment of the cell. The signals received by the cells “instruct” the cell to perform a specific function—the cell could allow certain molecules to enter or exit the membrane, initiate the process of cell division, or to die. Receptors are basically made up of protein molecules, which are embedded in the plasma membrane (these receptors are called “cell surface receptors”) or in the cytoplasm or nucleus of the cell (these receptors are “nuclear receptors”), to which on or more kinds of signaling molecules can attach themselves to. A molecule that attaches itself to a receptor is then called a ligand, which can be either a peptide or a small molecule (can be a hormone, a neurotransmitter, a pharmaceutical drug, or even a toxin). There are different receptor types found in the surface of a typical cell, and each f these types us is connected to a very specific biochemical pathway. Each type of receptor will only recognize and bind to specific ligand shapes—the selecting binding of a specific ligand to the corresponding receptor activates or inhibits a certain pathway. The binding of ligand and receptor stabilizes a specific receptor conformation, and is associated with the loss or gain or certain protein activities. But there are some antagonistic ligands that simply block the receptors without inducing any kind of response within the cell. Ligands typically induce change in the cellular environment. When it comes to molecules of pharmaceutical drugs, there are four theories that are used by medical professionals. The first is the occupatin theory, which states: “drug effect is directly proportional to the number of receptors occupied.” There are also the Ariens and Stephenson, rate, and induced fit theories. This category contains scientific information about cellular receptors, which receive chemical signals from the external environment of the cells. daily 1 2012-06-18T07:39:14Z http://triscience.com/Cells/Receptor/structure-of-human-cyclophilin-and-its-binding-site-for-cyclosporin-a-determined-by-x-ray-crystallography-and-nmr-spectroscopy The protein cyclophilin is the major intracellular receptor for the immunosuppressive drug cyclosporin A (ref.1). Cyclosporin A acts as an inhibitor of T-cell activation and can prevent graft rejectio... No publisher admin activation cell cyclophilin cyclosporin drug immunosuppressive inhibitor organ protein receptor 2013-05-20T02:15:02Z Doculite http://triscience.com/Cells/Receptor/structure-of-capnoidine-a-phthalide-isoquinoline-alkaloid C20h17no6, Mr = 367.36, orthorhombic, P212121, a = 7.446 (3), b = 13.239 (5), c = 16.634 (5).Ang., V = 1640 (1).Ang.3, Z = 4, Dx = 1.488 Mg m-3,.lambda.(Mo K.alpha.) = 0.7107.Ang.,.mu. = 0.104 mm-1, F... No publisher admin 17 2013-05-20T02:15:00Z Doculite http://triscience.com/Cells/Receptor/structure-function-relationships-in-the-mast-cell-high-affinity-receptor-for-ige-role-of-the-cytoplasmic-domains-and-of-the-beta-subunit To define functionally critical regions of the high affinity receptor for IgE (Fc,Ri) we stably transfected P815 cells with mutated cDNAs coding for subunits with truncated cytoplasmic domains (Cd). I... No publisher admin biochemical cdnas cells chimeric cooh coordinately cytoplasmic endogenously fcepsilonri fcepsilonrialpha fcepsilonris fcri gamma human hydrolysis mutated phosphoinositides phosphorylation protein receptor 2013-05-20T02:14:53Z Doculite http://triscience.com/Cells/Receptor/structure-expression-and-t-cell-costimulatory-activity-of-the-murine-homologue-of-the-human-b-lymphocyte-activation-antigen-b7 Following occupancy of the T cell receptor by antigen, T cell proliferation and lymphokine production are determined by a second costimulatory signal delivered by a ligand expressed on antigen present... No publisher admin acid activation amino antigen attachmet cell cells cloned conserved costimulatory gamma gene hematopoietic homologue human ligand lymphocytes lymphokine monocytes mrna 2013-05-20T02:14:52Z Doculite http://triscience.com/Cells/Receptor/structure-and-neutrophil-activating-properties-of-a-novel-inflammatory-peptide-ena-78-with-homology-to-interleukin-8 A new neutrophil-activating peptide, termed Ena-78, was identified in the conditioned media of stimulated human type Ii epthelial cell line A54 In response to stimulation with either interleukin 1.bet... No publisher admin acids agpaaavlrelrcvclqttqgv amino calcium cell chemotaxis cysteines desensitization epthelial exocytosis groalpha grogamma human interleukin molecular necrosis neutrophil neutrophils peptide peptides 2013-05-20T02:14:46Z Doculite http://triscience.com/Cells/Receptor/structure-and-functions-of-c3-receptors Most of the biological effects derived from complement activation depends on interactions between cleavage fragments of complement components and cells bearing specific receptors. This review overview... No publisher admin activation biological cells cellular cloned encoding expression genes glycoproteins human immune molecules pathology phagocytosis receptors regulation transmembrane 2013-05-20T02:14:44Z Doculite http://triscience.com/Cells/Receptor/structure-and-function-of-non-enzymatically-dissociated-lacrimal-gland-acini Lacrimal gland acini were isolated utilizing a non-enzymatic dissociation procedure. This method resulted in the rapid isolation of an enriched population of acini from rat lacrimal gland with a compl... No publisher admin acinar acini adrenergic alkaline biochemistry cell cells cellular cholinergic enzymatic epithelium histological interlobular intralobular lacrimal myoepithelial peroxidase phosphatase physiologically physiology 2013-05-20T02:14:44Z Doculite http://triscience.com/Cells/Receptor/structure-activity-relationships-in-calcitonin-gene-related-peptide-cyclic-amp-response-in-a-preosteoblast-cell-line-ks-4 Synthetic analogs of chicken and human Cgrp were used to define structure-function relationships in a murine osteoblast precursor cell line, Ks-4, that exhibits a substantial cyclic Amp response to Cg... No publisher admin acid amino analogs biologic calcitonin calcium cell cells cgrp cgrps chicken compounds deamino disulfide equipotent human hypocalcemic liver murine osteoblast 2013-05-20T02:14:34Z Doculite http://triscience.com/Cells/Receptor/structure-activity-relationships-for-platelet-activating-factor-paf-and-analogues-reveal-differences-between-paf-receptors-on-platelets-and-macrophages Analogues of Paf were examined for their potency in stimulating either platelet aggregation or macrophage superoxide anion generation. Modification of either the alkyl side-chain or the acetyl side-ch... No publisher admin acetyl agonist cell compound compounds hexanolamine ionic macrophage macrophages rabbit receptors stimulating superoxide 2013-05-20T02:14:34Z Doculite http://triscience.com/Cells/Receptor/structure-activity-relationship-of-philanthotoxins-presynaptic-and-postsynaptic-inhibition-of-the-locust-neuromuscular-transmission Like the natural toxin, synthetic delta-philanthotoxin, now called Ptx-4.3.3 acts as a reversible postsynaptic open ion-channel blocker of the glutamatergic neuromuscular system of the locust. It also... No publisher admin blocker blockers cells decay dehydroxy dephenol dideaza equipotent glial glutamate glutamatergic iontophoretically molecule natural neuromuscular philanthotoxin polyamine postsynaptic presynaptic receptor 2013-05-20T02:14:34Z Doculite http://triscience.com/Cells/Receptor/structural-requirements-of-the-cytoplasmic-domains-of-the-human-macrophage-fc-gamma-receptor-iia-and-b-cell-fc-gamma-receptor-iib2-for-the-endocytosis-of-immune-complexes Two isotypes of the monocyte/macrophage as well as B cell Fc.gamma. receptor type Ii (FcRIIa and FcRIIb2, respectively) mainly differ in the length (76 vs. 44 amino acids) and amino acid sequence of t... No publisher admin acid acids amino carboxyl cell cells chimeric cytoplasmic endocytosis fcgamma fcrii fcriia fcriii glycan hydrophobic immune inframe inositol isotypes ligand 2013-05-20T02:14:28Z Doculite http://triscience.com/Cells/Receptor/structural-characterization-of-a-new-anticoagulant-fucan-sulfate-from-the-brown-seaweed-ecklonia-kurome Methylation analysis of a fucose-containing, sulfated polysaccharide (C-Ii), which was isolated from the brown seaweed Ecklonia kurome and has a potent anticoagulant activity, showed the presence of 3... No publisher admin 17 anticoagulant branched desulfated disubstituted ecklonia fraction fractions fucan fucfuc fucofuranosyl fucopyranosyl fucose fucosyl fwdarw galactopyranosyl glycosidic iodide kurome methanolysis methylated 2013-05-20T02:14:16Z Doculite http://triscience.com/Cells/Receptor/structural-and-functional-studies-on-the-human-hepatic-interleukin-6-receptor-molecular-cloning-and-overexpression-in-hepg2-cells CDNAs coding for the human hepatic interleukin-6 receptor (Il-6-R) have been isolated from a library made from poly(A) Rna of dexmethasone-treated human hepatoma cells (HepG2). We found the hepatic Il... No publisher admin antibodies antiserum cdna cdnas cells cloned coes coli concentrations cytoplasmic dexmethasone escherichia fibrinogen gamma hepatoma hepotic human immunization immunoprecipitation interleukin 2013-05-20T02:14:09Z Doculite http://triscience.com/Cells/Receptor/structural-and-functional-characterization-of-paramecium-dynein-initial-studies Dynein arms and isolated dynein from Paramecium tetraurelia ciliary axonemes are comparable in structure, direction of force generation, and microtubule translocation ability to other dyneins. In situ... No publisher admin 17 dynein 2013-05-20T02:14:05Z Doculite http://triscience.com/Cells/Receptor/striatal-neurons-express-increased-level-of-dopamine-d-2-receptor-mrna-in-response-to-haloperidol-treatment-a-quantitative-in-situ-hybridization-study In the present study, quantitative in situ hybridization was used to analyse the effect of haloperidol treatment on D2 dopamine receptor gene expression in the rat caudate-putamen nucleus. Variations ... No publisher admin autoradiographic biological caudate cells cholinergic densitometric disease dopaminoceptive drugs enkephalinergic expression gene haloperidol lead macroscopic mgkg microscopic mrna neuroleptic neuroleptics 2013-05-20T02:13:53Z Doculite